To sum up, tumour cells switch their metabolic state between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through metabolic interplay with CAFs, which exhibit the Warburg effect under hypoxia and reverse Warburg effect under normoxia.Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells which can invade healthy tissue and spread to distant sites in the body ( 1). The LDHs catalyse the interchange of lactate and pyruvate, whereas MCTs facilitate the influx and efflux of monocarboxylates, especially lactate and pyruvate. In this mini review, we discuss the role of lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) on the metabolic interplay between tumour cells and CAFs under hypoxia compared to normoxia. Tumour cells adapt to rapid environmental changes from normoxia to hypoxia through metabolic interplay with CAFs.

CAFs, the most abundant cells in tumour stroma, secrete growth factors that play pivotal roles in tumour cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis.

The growth of tumour cells is closely related to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present within their microenvironment.

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